CCPR/C/113/D/2022/2011 conjunction with article 2 (3), of the Covenant. The authors are represented by counsel. The Optional Protocol entered into force for the State party on 1 June 1995. The facts as submitted by the authors 2.1 The events took place during the armed conflict between the Bosnian governmental forces on the one side and the Bosnian Serb forces and the National Yugoslav Army on the other that led to the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conflict was characterized by ethnic cleansing operations and other atrocities in which thousands of persons were killed, were taken to concentration camps or disappeared without trace.1 Several of the disappearances occurred in Bosnian Krajina between May and August 1992, most prominently in the region of Prijedor, which includes the village of Hambarine.2 2.2 The authors used to live in the village of Hambarine. On 20 July 1992, members of the National Yugoslav Army and of paramilitary groups arrived in the village and surrounded the house of the Hamulić family. Ms. Hamulić, her husband, Ms. Hodžić, Husein Hamulić and another brother, Mustafa Hamulić, were present. Since soldiers apprehended Mustafa, Husein hid behind the family house and escaped into the woods surrounding Hambarine. Three persons, T.H., S.R. and I.H., who also hid in the woods, saw Husein alive for the last time. To avoid looking suspicious, he and the other three persons decided to split up. Husein’s fate and whereabouts remain unknown. The authors claim that, at the time, the area was under the control of the National Yugoslav Army, and that Husein fell into the hands of the Army’s members. 2.3 The authors remained in their house for over two weeks. Afterwards, they moved to the village of Travnik. Seven days later, Ms. Hodžić left with her children for Slovenia and then went to Finland. Ms. Hamulić and her husband remained for six months in Travnik. Ms. Hamulić’s husband reported the disappearance of his sons, Mustafa and Husein, to the local chapter of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Later, Ms. Hamulić and her husband joined Ms. Hodžić in Finland, where Ms. Hamulić and her husband also contacted ICRC concerning their sons’ disappearance. 2.4 The armed conflict came to an end in December 1995, when the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina entered into force.3 2.5 After returning to Hambarine on 1 September 2004, the authors and other members of their family filed an ante mortem questionnaire with regard to Husein and Mustafa before ICRC, the “Association of the Red Cross of Bosnia and Herzegovina” and the “Red Cross of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina” and gave them DNA samples to facilitate the process of identifying the mortal remains exhumed by local forensic experts. Mustafa’s mortal remains were located in a mass grave in Kevljani and exhumed in 2004. They were buried in the graveyard of Hambarine. 2.6 On 1 November 2007, the authors obtained a certificate by the Federal Commission on Missing Persons stating that Husein Hamulić had been registered as a missing person since 20 July 1992 and that this information was based on data derived from the 1 2 3 The authors refer to the report submitted by member of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances Manfred Nowak on the special process on missing persons in the territory of the former Yugoslavia (see E/CN.4/1996/36, paras. 22, 49-60, 67-68, 85 and 88). The authors refer to annexes I-V to the final report of the commission of experts established pursuant to Security Council resolution 780 (1992) (S/1994/674/Add.2 (vol. I)). In accordance with the Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Brčko District was formally inaugurated on 8 March 2000 under the exclusive sovereignty of the State and international supervision. 3

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