Duty to criminalise torture ............................................................................................... 67
Duty to investigate ........................................................................................................... 67
Duty to prosecute or extradite .......................................................................................... 69
Duty to protect from acts of private actors ...................................................................... 69
Duty to provide effective remedies .................................................................................. 69
C.
Safeguards for those deprived of their liberty ........................................................... 69
Conditions of detention .................................................................................................... 69
Methods of restraint ......................................................................................................... 71
Solitary Confinement ....................................................................................................... 71
Secret or Incommunicado detention ................................................................................ 72
Access to a doctor and denial of medical treatment ........................................................ 73
D.
Interrogation .............................................................................................................. 74
E.
Reliance on Evidence Obtained Through Torture..................................................... 76
F. Medical and scientific experimentation ........................................................................ 76
G.
Retaliation against victims, witnesses and any other person acting on behalf of
torture victims ...................................................................................................................... 77
H.
Expulsion, Deportation, Rendering and Extradition ................................................. 77
I.
Monitoring and inspecting places of detention ............................................................. 79
J.
Rendition ....................................................................................................................... 79
VIII.
The Right to Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Detention ................................ 81
A.
Deprivation of the Right to Liberty ........................................................................... 83
What amounts to deprivation ........................................................................................... 83
Deprivation of liberty must be prescribed by law and in accordance with the law ......... 84
Derogation from the right to liberty ................................................................................. 84
When Detention is Lawful ............................................................................................... 84
B.
Procedural safeguards ............................................................................................... 87
Reasons for Detention ...................................................................................................... 87
Access to a Lawyer .......................................................................................................... 88
Right to Bail ..................................................................................................................... 88
C.
The Right to Challenge the Legality of Detention – Habeas Corpus ........................ 89
D.
Places of detention .................................................................................................... 92
E.
Safeguards for Particular Categories of Detainees .................................................... 92
Women in detention ......................................................................................................... 92
Juvenile detention ............................................................................................................ 93
Persons with disabilities................................................................................................... 93
Migrants and asylum seekers ........................................................................................... 94
F. Compensation for unlawful detention ........................................................................... 94
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