CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1. 7 USE OF ‘TOOLS OF TORTURE’ IN CUSTODIAL SETTINGS 1.1 INHERENTLY ABUSIVE EQUIPMENT 1.1.1 DIRECT CONTACT ELECTRIC SHOCK WEAPONS 1.1.2 ABUSIVE RESTRAINTS 1.2 EQUIPMENT WITH A LEGITIMATE FUNCTION 2. 7 9 11 1.2.1 KINETIC IMPACT WEAPONS: BATONS AND TRUNCHEONS 11 1.2.2 RESTRAINTS 13 1.2.3 CHEMICAL IRRITANTS 13 TORTURE AND OTHER ILL-TREATMENT IN NON-CUSTODIAL SETTINGS 2.1 THE POLICING OF PUBLIC PROTEST 15 15 2.1.1 CHEMICAL IRRITANTS 15 2.1.2 KINETIC IMPACT PROJECTILES/DEVICES 17 2.1.3 ELECTRIC SHOCK PROJECTILE WEAPONS 3. 7 DEATH PENALTY EQUIPMENT 19 20 3.1 LETHAL INJECTION EXECUTIONS 21 4.0 THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMPANIES 22 4.1 THE TRADE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT EQUIPMENT 22 4.2 THE RESPONSIBILITY OF COMPANIES 24 5.0 THE PATH TO GLOBAL CONTROLS ON THE ‘TOOLS OF TORTURE’ 27 5.1 WORK IN PROGRESS 27 5.2 PRESENTING AN ANTI-TORTURE TRADE FRAMEWORK 30 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AN ANTI-TORTURE TRADE FRAMEWORK 31 ENDING THE TORTURE TRADE THE PATH TO GLOBAL CONTROLS ON THE ‘TOOLS OF TORTURE’ Amnesty International | Omega Research Foundation 3

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