C. Right to Health and Obligation to Secure Medical Attention ............................... 114
a.
b.
c.
d.
International Standards ............................................................................................. 114
Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 116
Findings and Analysis .............................................................................................. 117
Recommendations .................................................................................................... 123
PART 2: HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES IN THE PROSECUTION OF INDIVIDUALS BEFORE MILITARY
COMMISSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 124
I. Jurisdiction of the Military Commissions.................................................................... 127
A. Trial of Civilians by Military Commissions and the Principle of Legality .......... 127
a.
b.
c.
d.
International Standards ............................................................................................. 127
Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 130
Findings and Analysis .............................................................................................. 132
Recommendations .................................................................................................... 140
B. Equality Before the Law and Courts, Equal Protection of the Law and NonDiscrimination ................................................................................................................... 140
a.
b.
c.
d.
International Standards ............................................................................................. 140
Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 142
Findings and Analysis .............................................................................................. 142
Recommendations .................................................................................................... 145
II. Fair Trial Guarantees in Proceedings Before Military Commissions....................... 146
A. Right to a Public Hearing Before an Independent and Impartial Tribunal
Established By Law ........................................................................................................... 146
a.
b.
c.
d.
International Standards ............................................................................................. 146
Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 148
Findings and Analysis .............................................................................................. 150
Recommendations .................................................................................................... 157
B. Presumption of Innocence......................................................................................... 157
a.
b.
c.
d.
International Standards ............................................................................................. 157
Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 159
Findings and Analysis .............................................................................................. 159
Recommendations .................................................................................................... 161
C. Right to Be Tried Without Undue Delay ................................................................. 161
a.
b.
c.
d.
International Standards ............................................................................................. 161
Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 162
Findings and Analysis .............................................................................................. 163
Recommendations .................................................................................................... 167
D. Right to Legal Counsel of one’s Choice, to Adequate Time and Facilities for the
Preparation of a Defence, and to Call, Examine and Cross-Examine Witnesses ........ 167
a. International Standards ............................................................................................. 167
b. Domestic Standards .................................................................................................. 171
c. Findings and analysis................................................................................................ 175
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