Contents
Executive Summary...................................................................................... 5
Introduction................................................................................................... 9
A. Incentives for torture............................................................................13
Obtaining a conviction – Confession-based criminal justice systems........14
Failure to exclude torture evidence – the exclusionary rule........................27
Pleading guilty – trial waiver systems....................................................... 38
Fulfilling performance quotas................................................................... 45
Impunity.................................................................................................. 53
B. Factors that facilitate torture............................................................. 67
The abusive use and conditions of pre-trial detention.............................. 69
Improper medical examinations................................................................78