2. Safety measures  Detained persons should be transported in vehicles suitably designed for that purpose, taking due account of all relevant safety requirements in order to protect detainees.15  The number of detainees transported should not exceed the capacity of the vehicles used for that purpose.16  Detainees should not have to stand up during a journey due to a lack of seating space.17  Detainees should not remain inside the escort van during a boat crossing, if this contravenes the safety rules of the ferry authorities.18  All vehicles which are used for the transportation of detained persons should be equipped with appropriate safety devices (such as safety belts).19  Detainees who are being transferred should always be escorted, however long the journey and whichever mode of transport is used.20 Transport vehicles should be equipped with means to enable detainees to communicate with escort staff.21  Doors of secure cubicles/compartments should be equipped with a device that automatically (and/or rapidly) unlocks the doors in the event of an emergency.22  Steps should be taken to prevent violence, intimidation or theft being perpetrated by detainees against their fellow passengers.23 3. Security measures  The application of handcuffs and/or body belts to detainees during transportation should only be resorted to when the risk assessment in an individual case clearly warrants it. When the use of such means is considered absolutely necessary, it should be done in such a way as to minimise any risk of injury to the detained person.24  Such means should not be used when detainees are locked inside secure cubicles or compartments.25  Given the potential for discomfort to the person concerned and the risk of injury in the case of accident, the practice of handcuffing detainees behind their back during transportation should be avoided.26  Stun belts should never be used; alternative means of restraint can and must be found in the context of movements of detainees.27 15 Lithuania: Visit 2000, §§ 117 and 118 Romania: Visit 2006, § 151 17 Greece: Visit 2013, § 150 18 Malta: Visit 2015, § 32 19 Netherlands: Visit 2016, § 29, United Kingdom: Visit 2012 (Scotland), § 88, Andorra: Visit 2011, § 25, Poland: Visit 2009, § 80 , Slovenia: Visit 2001, § 95 20 Switzerland: Visit 1996, §§ 116-117 21 Serbia: Visit 2015, § 53, United Kingdom: Visit 2012 (Scotland), § 88, Slovenia: Visit 2001, § 95 22 Lithuania: Visit 2000, § 115, Bulgaria: Visit 1995, § 176-177, Spain: Visit 1994 (April), § 27 23 Lithuania: Visit 2004, §§ 44-45 24 Serbia: Visit 2015, § 53, Ireland: Visit 2014, § 85, Slovenia: Visit 2012, § 73 25 Ireland: Visit 2006, § 101, United Kingdom: Visit 2005 (November), § 23, Hungary: Visit 2005, § 126 26 Serbia: Visit 2015, § 53 27 Hungary: Visit 2009, § 120 16 3

Select target paragraph3