The Responsibility to Implement  ODIHR Director Christian Strohal (centre) and junior legal analyst Tamara Otiashvili (left) talk to a domestic observer at a polling station during the parliamentary elections in Armenia, 12 May. on trafficking in human beings, hate-crime policing, or elections, include specific consideration of Roma and Sinti communities. commitments, it is institutions like ODIHR that are best suited to identify shortcomings and offer assistance to states to remedy the lack of implementation. New and old challenges Our work has also had to adjust to a changing political environment. OSCE states have taken important decisions over recent years to address new challenges in the human dimension: combating trafficking in human beings, racism, anti-Semitism, xenophobia and other forms of intolerance, or gender inequality. Yet the bulk of the OSCE’s human dimension commitments date back to the 1990s, and to the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. As we outlined in our report Common Responsibility: Commitments and Implementation, published in 2006, a large number of challenges to democracy and human rights, the cornerstones of our security concept, still need to be addressed: in parts of the region, systematic election fraud continues; the freedoms of assembly and association remain curtailed; human rights defenders are increasingly under threat; the fight against terrorism is being abused as a pretence to suppress fundamental freedoms; independent media are facing serious restrictions by authorities; and some governments give inadequate attention to prevent torture and ensure impartial and accessible justice for all. At the same time, migration and displacement are creating new challenges for governments and societies as a whole, as do crimes resulting from aggressive nationalism, racism, xenophobia, and anti-Semitism, and the lack of tangible progress in improving the situation of Roma and Sinti throughout the OSCE region. In the face of these challenges, and the inconsistent response to them, some want to conclude that the OSCE is in a crisis. I believe that the opposite is the case. In times when some participating States are failing to meet their ODIHR response One of my first steps as ODIHR Director was to create a fully fledged Human Rights Department with a strong monitoring capability and the ability to strengthen the capacity of officials as well as of NGOs to pursue human rights issues in their countries. We have now established a focal point to follow the specific challenges faced by human rights defenders and national human rights institutions in our region. Another addition to our portfolio was the Tolerance and Non-discrimination Programme, following an unprecedented series of high-level OSCE conferences. The programme has now successfully been developed into an effective department. In addition to assistance activities, such as training law enforcement officers in combating hate crime and developing educational materials, the department closely follows incidents and violent manifestations of racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and other forms of intolerance. Our annual report on hate crimes in the region has become a widely used monitoring and early-warning tool, and our TANDIS website provides a valuable portal to access relevant information, including on best practices. Human dimension meetings and civil society Attracted by the possibility of participating on an equal footing with government representatives, the number of NGOs attending the human dimension meetings and conferences organized by ODIHR has reached record levels each year. We have worked hard in making these meetings, including the annual two-week Human Dimension Implementation Meeting Annual Report 2007 5

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