Contents
Acknowledgements
4
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
5
Foreword
6
1. Introduction
8
2. Background: Overview of FTF Dynamics, Challenges and Responses
11
3. Recommendations and Analysis: Addressing the Dynamics and
Challenges of FTFs within a Human Rights Framework
21
3.1 Recommendations on the Nature, Scope and Definitions of FTF-related
Laws and Policies
21
3.2 General Recommendations on the Application of the Human Rights
Framework
28
3.3 Criminal Law Responses: Scope of Criminality, Principles, Procedures
and Penalties
34
3.4 Exercising Restraint when Resorting to “Administrative Measures”
46
3.5 Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that
Leads to Terrorism
53
3.6 Acknowledging and Addressing Direct and Indirect Discrimination
62
3.7 Addressing the Gender Dimensions of FTF Dynamics and Challenges
64
3.8 Children’s Rights
68
3.9 Human Rights and Rule of Law Imperatives for Effective Responses to
Potential Threats and Challenges of FTFs
73