CAT/C/VNM/CO/1 (b) Ensure that investigations are systematically carried out, that perpetrators are prosecuted and convicted in accordance with the gravity of their acts, in keeping with article 4 of the Convention, and that victims are afforded appropriate redress; (c) Establish an independent mechanism to exercise oversight over the police and other relevant authorities so that there is no institutional or hierarchical connection between the investigators and the alleged perpetrators, and ensure that all persons under investigation for having committed acts of torture or ill-treatment are immediately suspended from their duties and remain so throughout the investigation, while ensuring that the principle of the presumption of innocence is observed; (d) Prosecute and punish medical doctors who participate in the physical abuse of detained persons or who deny medical care to detained persons; (e) Ensure that medical doctors receive mandatory training on the Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the role of health personnel, particularly physicians, in the protection of prisoners and detainees against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; (f) Establish a database on the number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, sanctions and compensation granted to victims of torture and members of their families, and report those figures to the Committee in its next report. Fundamental legal safeguards 16. While noting that the amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code have resulted in improvements regarding the rights of persons deprived of their liberty, such as the introduction of the principle of the presumption of innocence and the rights to remain silent, to have access to legal counsel and to present evidence independently from the Government, the Committee is concerned at reports that detained persons do not enjoy all fundamental legal safeguards in practice. This includes the rights of detained persons to be informed of the reasons for the arrest or detention; to contact family members or other persons of their choice about their detention; to request and receive a medical examination by an independent doctor; to have prompt access to legal counsel or legal aid; and to have the detention recorded in a register. In that context, the Committee is gravely concerned that persons accused of offences relating to national security are not afforded in practice legal safeguards, such as the right to legal counsel and to contact their families, which amounts to incommunicado detention (art. 2). 17. The State party should: (a) Guarantee that all detained persons are afforded, in law and in practice, all fundamental legal safeguards from the very outset of their deprivation of liberty, including the right to be informed immediately of the charges against them, to have prompt access to a lawyer or to free legal aid during all proceedings, to notify a relative or another person of their choice about their detention or arrest, to request and receive a medical examination from an independent doctor, including by a doctor of their choice upon request, and to have their deprivation of liberty recorded in registers at all stages; (b) Establish a central detention register for all persons at all stages of their deprivation of liberty, including transfers to different facilities, and inform the Committee of the type of information recorded and the specific measures taken to ensure accurate record-keeping, as an important safeguard against incommunicado detention and enforced disappearance; (c) Monitor the compliance by all public officials with the fundamental legal safeguards for detained persons and investigate, prosecute and penalize any failure on the part of officials to comply with those safeguards; (d) Provide information on the number of complaints received regarding failure to respect fundamental legal safeguards and on the outcome of such complaints since the entry into force of the amended Criminal Procedure Code. 5

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