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B. JUDICIAL TRAINING:
a) States shall ensure that judicial officials have appropriate education and training and should
be made aware of the ideals and ethical duties of their office, of the constitutional and
statutory protections for the rights of accused persons, victims and other litigants and of
human rights and fundamental freedoms recognized by national and international law.
b) States shall establish, where they do not exist, specialised institutions for the education and
training of judicial officials and encourage collaboration amongst such institutions in
countries in the region and throughout Africa.
c) States shall ensure that judicial officials receive continuous training and education throughout
their career including, where appropriate, in racial, cultural and gender sensitisation.
C. RIGHT TO AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY:
a) Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by competent national tribunals for acts
violating the rights granted by the constitution, by law or by the Charter, notwithstanding that
the acts were committed by persons in an official capacity.
b) The right to an effective remedy includes:
(i) access to justice;
(ii) reparation for the harm suffered;
(iii) access to the factual information concerning the violations.
c) Every State has an obligation to ensure that:
(i) any person whose rights have been violated, including by persons acting in an official
capacity, has an effective remedy by a competent judicial body;
(ii) any person claiming a right to remedy shall have such a right determined by competent
judicial, administrative or legislative authorities;
(iii) any remedy granted shall be enforced by competent authorities;
(iv) any state body against which a judicial order or other remedy has been granted shall
comply fully with such an order or remedy.
d) The granting of amnesty to absolve perpetrators of human rights violations from
accountability violates the right of victims to an effective remedy.
D. COURT RECORDS AND PUBLIC ACCESS:
a) All information regarding judicial proceedings shall be accessible to the public, except
information or documents that have been specifically determined by judicial officials not to
be made public.
b) States must ensure that proper systems exist for recording all proceedings before judicial
bodies, storing such information and making it accessible to the public.
c) All decisions of judicial bodies must be published and available to everyone throughout the
country.
d) The cost to the public of obtaining records of judicial proceedings or decisions should be
kept to a minimum and should not be so high as to amount to a denial of access.
E. LOCUS STANDI:
States must ensure, through adoption of national legislation, that in regard to human rights
violations, which are matters of public concern, any individual, group of individuals or nongovernmental organization is entitled to bring an issue before judicial bodies for determination.