Table of Contents � v Acknowledgements vii Preface: Macarena Sáez xi Introduction: Juan E. Méndez xv Foreword: Dubravka Šimonović 1 I. Gender-Based Violence: State Responsibility 3 The Vital Voices Justice Institute: Helping States Combat Gender-Based Violence Gigi Scoles and Anupama Selvam 19 Reparations for Sexual and Other Gender-Based Violence Carla Ferstman 33 How Non-State Torture is Gendered and Invisibilized: Canada’s Non-Compliance with the Committee Against Torture's Recommendations Jackie Jones, Jeanne Sarson, and Linda MacDonald 57 The Importance of Investigating Torture Against Women and Girls by Non-State Actors: Applicable Legal Standards from International Human Rights Law Teresa Fernández Paredes 87 II. Gender and Sexuality as the Basis for Specific Harms 89 Murdered in the Name of “Honor” Aisha K. Gill 105 Female Genital Mutilation as a Form of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment": Intersections with the Migration Context Els Leye and Ino Kehrer 123 Pregnancy and Virginity Testing in Educational Settings and the Torture and Other Ill-Treatment Framework Esther Major 139 Forced Contraception as a Means of Torture Christie J. Edwards 161 The Humanisation of Women: A Work in Progress Purna Sen 183 Gendering the Lens: Critical Reflections on Gender, Hospitality and Torture Mauro Cabral Grinspan and Morgan Carpenter iii

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