CAT/C/QAT/CO/3 (a) All detainees, including those held under security laws, are informed about the charges against them, have their detention recorded in a register and are brought promptly before a judge; (b) Detainees taken into custody are permitted to contact family members, lawyers and independent doctors promptly following deprivation of liberty and that the provision of these safeguards by the authorities is monitored effectively; (c) No one is held in secret detention; (d) Solitary confinement is only used in exceptional cases as a last resort, for as short a time as possible and subject to independent review, and only pursuant to authorization by a competent authority, in accordance with rules 43 to 46 of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules). The State party should also compile and regularly publish comprehensive data on the use of solitary confinement. Coerced confessions 17. While taking note of the guarantees set forth in article 232 of the Code of Criminal Procedure regarding the inadmissibility of evidence obtained under duress or threat, the Committee regrets the scant information available on decisions taken by the Qatari courts to refuse confessions obtained under torture as evidence. Of particular concern is the case of Ronaldo Lopez Ulep, a Filipino national convicted on espionage charges, who claimed to have been repeatedly subjected to torture in order to force his confession (arts. 2, 15 and 16). 18. The State party should take effective steps to ensure in practice that confessions obtained under torture or ill-treatment are ruled inadmissible. It should also expand vocational training programmes for both judges and prosecutors so as to ensure their ability to identify torture and ill-treatment and investigate all allegations of such acts. The State party should also provide the Committee with detailed information on any cases in which confessions were deemed inadmissible on the grounds that they were obtained through torture and indicate whether any officials have been prosecuted and punished for extracting such confessions. Independence of the judiciary 19. While acknowledging the information provided by the delegation, the Committee continues to be concerned about the level of independence of judges in the State party, which remains severely undermined by the Emir’s exclusive authority to appoint judges on the advice of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, and the lack of security of tenure of both national and foreign judges, who can be dismissed by the Emir “in the public interest”. The Committee takes note of the explanations provided by the delegation regarding the status of foreign judges, who work under a labour contract and whose rights are protected by decree. However, it remains concerned at reports indicating that they are recruited under temporary contracts that have to be renewed annually, which raises questions about their independence, impartiality and irremovability (art. 2). 20. Recalling its previous recommendation (see CAT/C/QAT/CO/2, para. 13), and in the light of the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers (see A/HRC/29/26/Add.1, paras. 95–102), the State party should adopt all measures necessary to establish and ensure the independence of the judiciary, including by guaranteeing their tenure in office and severing administrative and other ties with the executive branch, in conformity with international standards, notably the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary (General Assembly resolutions 40/32 and 40/146). The State party should also revise the modalities of the appointment and tenure of foreign judges, to ensure their total independence, autonomy, impartiality and irremovability. 4

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