CAT/C/CR/28/7 page 2 (b) Educational initiatives taken by the State party to familiarize various sectors with international human rights standards, and the extensive efforts made to cooperate with international organizations to promote understanding of human rights, including by inviting technical cooperation from the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; (c) The State party’s reports of its efforts to draw up a new definition of torture that is consistent with the definition in article 1 of the Convention, and the introduction of a draft law in the parliament to allow citizen’s complaints in matters of torture; (d) Assurances from the representative of the State party that the State is determined to establish an independent judiciary; (e) The report by the representative of the State party of the establishment of an appeals system for court sentences and the introduction of alternatives to prison sentences, releasing detainees on bail; (f) The information conveyed by the State party’s representative that responses were being developed to the findings of an official study into complaints filed with the Ombudsman’s Office that had revealed a number of questionable judicial convictions, incidents of torture or ill-treatment by law enforcement officials, and inadequate supervision of the application of human rights norms by law enforcement agencies; (g) The prosecution and sentencing in January 2002 of four police officials to prison terms for torture, and the statement by the State party’s representative that this was a turning point signalling the State party’s commitment to enforce the prohibition against torture in practice. C. Factors and difficulties impeding the application of the Convention 4. The Committee is aware of the difficulty of overcoming the inheritance of a totalitarian system in the transition towards a democratic form of governance, and that this is compounded by instability in the region. Nonetheless, the Committee stresses that such circumstances cannot be invoked as a justification of torture. D. Subjects of concern 5. The Committee expresses concern about the following: (a) The particularly numerous, ongoing and consistent allegations of particularly brutal acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment committed by law enforcement personnel; (b) The lack of adequate access for persons deprived of liberty, immediately after they are apprehended, to independent counsel, a doctor or medical examiner and family members, an important safeguard against torture;

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