OSCE/ODIHR Opinion on Article 235 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 3
II.
SCOPE OF REVIEW ................................................................................ 3
III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................... 3
IV. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 5
1. International Standards relating to the Prohibition of Torture and Other
Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ................................ 5
2. The Definition of Torture under the UNCAT..................................................... 6
2.1.
Nature of the Act....................................................................................................... 7
2.2.
Intention of the Perpetrator and Purpose of the Act ................................................ 8
2.3.
Involvement of Public Officials or Other Persons Acting in an Official Capacity. 10
3. Punishment Commensurate with the Gravity of the Crime............................ 12
3.1
Exclusion of Defences, Amnesties, Pardons, Statutes of Limitations and Immunities
in Cases of Torture or Inhuman or Degrading Treatment ..................................... 12
3.2.
Appropriate Sanctions ............................................................................................ 13
Annex: Article 235 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan
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