Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
2. WHAT IS SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE? __________________________________________________________ 9
3. WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC RISKS IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY? _________________________________ 11
3.1 Who Is at Risk of SGBV?_________________________________________________________________________________________________12
3.2 Who Are the Perpetrators?_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
4. UNDERSTANDING WHY SGBV IS OFTEN UNDERREPORTED__________________________________________________ 16
5. HOW TO INCLUDE THE ISSUE OF SGBV IN MONITORING_____________________________________________________ 19
5.1 Strategic Planning and Prioritization ____________________________________________________________________________________19
5.2 Setting Clear Objectives in Relation to SGBV____________________________________________________________________________ 21
5.3 Monitoring tools_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22
5.4 Associated Risks and Challenges ______________________________________________________________________________________ 22
5.5 Ensuring Full Confidentiality ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 23
6. MONITORING METHODOLOGY ______________________________________________________________________________ 24
6.1 Reviewing Laws, Policies and Procedures______________________________________________________________________________ 24
6.2 Reviewing Other Relevant Information and Documentation _____________________________________________________________ 25
6.3 Visiting the Facility_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26
6.4 Interviewing Detainees/Prisoners______________________________________________________________________________________ 26
6.5 Information from Former Detainees/Prisoners, Family Members and Other Stakeholders_______________________________ 31
6.6 Information from Authorities___________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
7. COMPOSITION OF THE MONITORING TEAMS________________________________________________________________ 33
7.1 Identity of the Monitors_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 33
7.2 Professional and Inter-Personal Skills__________________________________________________________________________________ 34
7.3 Language and Working with Interpreters _______________________________________________________________________________ 34
7.4 Building the Capacity of Monitoring Mechanisms in Relation to SGBV___________________________________________________ 35
8. MONITORING RISK IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS________________________________________________________________ 37
8.1 Interactions with Police: Stop, Arrest and Detention_____________________________________________________________________ 37
8.2 Investigation Stage: Interviews and Interrogation_______________________________________________________________________ 41
8.3 Allocation and Supervision_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
8.4 Body Searches_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
8.5 The Use of Restraints, Force and Arms_________________________________________________________________________________ 49
8.6 Segregation and Other Disciplinary Measures__________________________________________________________________________ 51
8.7 General Living Conditions and Potential “Blind Spots”__________________________________________________________________ 53
8.8 Transit and Transfer____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 54
8.9 Initial Medical Screening and Ongoing Healthcare (as a Risk Factor) ____________________________________________________ 56
9. MONITORING EFFORTS TO PREVENT AND RESPOND TO SGBV ______________________________________________ 59
9.1 Risk and Needs Assessments __________________________________________________________________________________________ 59
9.2 Access to Healthcare __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 60
9.3 Contact with the Outside World________________________________________________________________________________________ 63
9.4 Access to Information _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67
9.5 Static and Dynamic Security___________________________________________________________________________________________ 68
9.6 Staff Recruitment, Training and Supervision____________________________________________________________________________ 68
9.7 Complaints Mechanisms_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.8 Activities and Programmes ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 73
10. FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS______________________________________________________________________________________ 75
10.1 Gender-Responsive Reporting_________________________________________________________________________________________ 75
10.2 Recommendations and Dialogue______________________________________________________________________________________ 76
10.3 Follow-Up on Investigations___________________________________________________________________________________________ 76