CONTENTS Contents Introduction 3 Concepts: understanding culture in places of deprivation of liberty 4 1. What are places of deprivation of liberty? 4 2. What is ‘culture’ in places of detention? 4 3. How are cultures in places of detention formed? 4 4. Deciphering culture within places of detention a. Tangible cultural attributes b. Less tangible cultural attributes 5 5 6 Cultural risk factors for torture and other ill-treatment in places of detention 7 1. Human rights and torture prevention in places of detention 7 2. What aspects of culture in places of detention represent risk factors for torture and other ill-treatment? a. People deprived of their liberty don’t deserve rights b. Loss of the individual c. Discrimination d. Security is paramount e. A culture of violence f. Using authority for personal gain g. ‘Us and them’ h. A culture of impunity 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 3. Where can these risk factors be found? a. Dominant cultures and subcultures b. Informal detainee hierarchies c. Detainee self-management systems 10 10 10 11 4. Deterioration of culture in places of detention 11 Penal Reform International | Institutional culture in detention: a framework for preventive monitoring |1

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