01005662
E313
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.
1.2.
2.
BRIEF PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW OF THE CASE ....................................................................... 1
SUMMARY OF THE CHARGES AGAINST THE ACCUSED ............................................................ 5
PRELIMINARY ISSUES ............................................................................................................. 7
2.1.
JURISDICTION ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.
THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY ................................................................................................. 8
2.3.
EVIDENTIARY AND PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES ...................................................................... 11
2.3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.2. Burden and Standard of Proof ........................................................................................ 11
2.3.3. The Case File .................................................................................................................. 12
2.3.4. Admissibility of Evidence ................................................................................................ 12
2.3.5. Final Assessment of the Evidence ................................................................................... 17
2.4.
FAIR TRIAL RIGHTS .............................................................................................................. 21
2.4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.2. Alleged Defects in the Judicial Investigation.................................................................. 22
2.4.3. Impartiality of the Trial Chamber .................................................................................. 23
2.4.4. Facilities and Time Available for the Preparation of a Defence .................................... 24
2.4.5. Notice of the Charges and the Conduct of the Trial in Case 002/01 .............................. 25
2.4.6. Right to Propose Witnesses ............................................................................................ 27
2.4.7. Ability of the Defence to Place the Crimes in their Context ........................................... 29
2.4.8. Right to Examine Witnesses, Civil Parties and Experts .................................................. 30
2.4.9. Right to Adversarial Debate ........................................................................................... 32
2.4.10. Right of the Accused to Make Statements and Respond to Questioning ......................... 38
3.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... 41
3.1.
GENERAL OVERVIEW AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CPK .................................................... 41
3.2.
SIHANOUK’S OVERTHROW AND THE CREATION OF FUNK AND GRUNK ............................ 51
3.3.
DEVELOPMENT OF CPK POLICIES ........................................................................................ 55
3.3.1. Pre-1975 Movements of the Population ......................................................................... 56
3.3.2. Establishment of Cooperatives and Worksites pre-April 1975 ....................................... 60
3.3.3. Re-education of bad elements and killing of enemies ..................................................... 62
3.3.4. Targeting of Specific Groups – Cham, Vietnamese, Buddhists, and former officials of the
Khmer Republic .............................................................................................................. 65
3.3.5. The Regulation of Marriage ........................................................................................... 71
3.4.
DECISION TO ‘LIBERATE’ AND FORCIBLY EVACUATE PHNOM PENH AND OTHER URBAN
CENTRES .............................................................................................................................. 72
3.4.1. June 1974........................................................................................................................ 72
3.4.2. February 1975 ................................................................................................................ 78
3.4.3. Early April 1975 ............................................................................................................. 79
3.4.4. Orders passed to lower cadre ......................................................................................... 81
3.4.5. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 84
3.5.
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE TRANSFER OF THE POPULATION OF PHNOM PENH - AMERICAN
BOMBINGS ........................................................................................................................... 85
3.6.
REFUGEE CONDITIONS AND FOOD SHORTAGES IN PHNOM PENH ......................................... 88
3.7.
FINAL ASSAULT ON PHNOM PENH ........................................................................................ 91
4.
GENERAL OVERVIEW: 17 APRIL 1975 – 6 JANUARY 1979............................................ 95
4.1.
CHAPEAU REQUIREMENTS FOR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY LISTED IN ARTICLE 5 OF THE
ECCC LAW .......................................................................................................................... 99
Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public
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