Overview of anti-torture legislation in Latin America and the Caribbean
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
2
Introduction
3
I.
Status of ratification of human right treaties regarding the prohibition of
II.
torture and ill-treatment
5
The prohibition of torture in the national legislation
5
a.
Constitutional prohibition
6
b.
Specific anti-torture legislation
7
c.
Incorporation into existing legislation
7
III. The definition of torture
9
a.
Elements of the definition of torture
b.
Gendered approaches to the criminalization of torture
12
c.
Non-state and private actors
13
d.
Modes of liability
13
e.
Penalties
14
f.
The criminalization of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
(CIDTP)
9
16
IV. The Exclusionary Rule in criminal procedure
17
V. Accountability and remedies
19
a.
Redress
19
b.
Amnesties, and statutes of limitation
22
Annex 1
Annex 2
23
25
1