002/19-09-2007-ECCC-OCIJ ЮŲŠ / No: D427 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 9 I. CREATION OF THE ECCC ........................................................................................ 9 II. PROCEDURAL BACKROUND.................................................................................. 9 PART ONE: FACTUAL FINDINGS................................................................................................ 13 I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND................................................................................ 13 II. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES (CENTRE)..................................................... 16 III. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES (NATIONAL)................................................ 23 IV. COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE ......................................................................... 25 V. MILITARY STRUCTURE......................................................................................... 33 VI. ARMED CONFLICT ................................................................................................. 40 VII. FACTUAL FINDINGS OF JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE............................... 41 VIII. FACTUAL FINDINGS OF CRIMES ........................................................................ 59 IX. ROLES OF THE CHARGED PERSONS ................................................................ 214 PART TWO: APPLICABLE LAW ................................................................................................ 325 I. ECCC JURISDICTION ............................................................................................ 325 II. DEFINITION OF CRIMES...................................................................................... 327 III. MODES OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY......................................................... 329 IV. STANDARD OF EVIDENCE.................................................................................. 329 PART THREE: LEGAL FINDINGS.............................................................................................. 331 I. PERSONAL JURISDICTION.................................................................................. 331 II. AMNESTY, PARDON, NE BIS IN IDEM.............................................................. 331 III. GENOCIDE .............................................................................................................. 332 IV. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY .......................................................................... 335 V. GRAVE BREACHES OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1949 ........................ 362 VI. LEGAL FINDINGS ON MODES OF RESPONSIBILITY ..................................... 369 VII. CRIMES PUNISHABLE UNDER THE CAMBODIAN PENAL CODE 1956 ...... 387 PART FOUR: CHARACTER INFORMATION........................................................................... 391 I. NUON CHEA ........................................................................................................... 391 II. IENG SARY ............................................................................................................. 392 III. KHIEU SAMPHAN ................................................................................................. 394 IV. IENG THIRITH........................................................................................................ 395 PART FIVE: DISPOSITIVE ........................................................................................................... 397 PART SIX: MAINTENANCE IN DETENTION........................................................................... 399 I. APPLICATION FOR PROVISIONAL RELEASE OF NUON CHEA ................... 399 II. MAINTENANCE OF THE ACCUSED IN DETENTION ...................................... 401 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, National Road 4, Choam Chao, Dangkao Phnom Penh Mailing address: P.O. Box 71, Phnom Penh; Tel: +855(0)23 218914 Fax: +855(0) 23 218941. 2

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