Essex paper 3: Initial guidance on the interpretation
and implementation of the UN Nelson Mandela Rules
Based on deliberations at an expert meeting organised by
Penal Reform International and the Essex Human Rights Centre
at the University of Essex, 7-8 April 2016.
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First published February 2017
ISBN: 978-1-909521-57-5
© Penal Reform International 2017
Penal Reform International (PRI) is an independent non‑governmental organisation that develops
and promotes fair, effective and proportionate responses to criminal justice problems worldwide.
We promote alternatives to prison which support the rehabilitation of offenders, and promote the right of detainees
to fair and humane treatment. We campaign for the prevention of torture and the abolition of the death penalty,
and we work to ensure just and appropriate responses to children and women who come into contact with the law.
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The Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex is one of the oldest academic human rights centres in the
world and enjoys a global reputation as a leader in the field of human rights research, practice, and education.
The Centre brings together over 120 academic staff from 11 departments who are prominent scholars/practitioners
in human rights and advise and act on behalf of governments, NGOs, national and regional human rights bodies, and
international organisations such as the United Nations. The Centre also brings together a vibrant community of students
and more than 2000 alumni, many of which leave Essex to work in key human rights leadership positions around the world.
Penal Reform International and the Essex Human Rights Centre
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