The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. All requests concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of this document should be addressed to the Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or publishing@coe.int). All other correspondence concerning this document should be addressed to the Directorate General Human Rights and Rule of Law. Cover and layout: SPDP, Council of Europe Cover Photos: Shutterstock © Council of Europe, April 2016 Printed at the Council of Europe The authors: Jim Murdoch, Professor of Public Law, University of Glasgow, School of Law, United Kingdom Václav Jiřička, Head Psychologist, Prison Service, Czech Republic

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